The Next Frontier | China's Strategic Expansion into Naval Bases | a Short Review

The Next Frontier | China's Strategic Expansion into Naval Bases | a Short Review 

The Next Frontier | China's Strategic Expansion into Naval Bases | a Short Review 

Introduction: China's Overseas Naval Bases : 

China made headlines with its first overseas naval base in Djibouti in 2017. Now, as we explore the potential locations for their next move, a comprehensive AidData dataset sheds light on Chinese-funded ports and infrastructure projects in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2021, pointing towards potential PLAN bases.

China's Maritime Influence Worldwide : 

Chinese state-owned entities have invested a staggering $29.9 billion in 123 projects spanning 46 countries, revealing Beijing's maritime influence globally. 

From Nouakchott, Mauritania, to Freetown, Sierra Leone, China's financial ties extend across diverse regions, creating a significant impact on geopolitical relations.

Commercial Investments and Naval Base Connections : 

Connecting ostensibly commercial investments to future naval bases may seem unconventional, but China's approach involves intertwining its economic and military strategies. 

Companies like China Communications Construction Company, Ltd. (CCCC) play a major role in overseas port construction, even as they face sanctions for activities in the South China Sea.

Criteria for Identifying Future PLAN Bases : 

Narrowing down the potential locations, we considered strategic elements like location, port size, water depth, and diplomatic ties. Our shortlist of eight promising candidates includes Hambantota, Sri Lanka; Bata, Equatorial Guinea; Gwadar, Pakistan; Kribi, Cameroon; Ream, Cambodia; Luganville, Vanuatu; Nacala, Mozambique; and Nouakchott, Mauritania.

Strategic Shift to the Atlantic : 

Surprisingly, China's investments on the Atlantic side of Africa surpass those in the Indian Ocean, challenging the geopolitical focus on the Indo-Pacific. 

A potential naval base in West or Central Africa would not only put the PLAN in proximity to Europe but also disrupt the naval calculations of the United States and Europe.

China's Preference for Remote Locations : 

China's port investments often target out-of-the-way places, with considerations ranging from natural harbor limitations to avoiding labor strife and public protests. 

This preference aligns with the strategic planning involved in selecting locations for potential naval facilities.

Potential Naval Bases: Examining Top Candidates : 

1. Hambantota, Sri Lanka: 

 With over $2 billion in investments, Hambantota tops the list due to its strategic location and strong alignment with China.

2. Bata, Equatorial Guinea:

Despite official denials, concerns arise regarding Chinese interest, given the country's political dynamics and authoritarian rule.

3. Gwadar, Pakistan:

A strategic and economic hub, Gwadar holds significance in China's Belt and Road initiative, but uncertainties surround its long-term feasibility.

4. Kribi, Cameroon:

A strong competitor to Bata, Kribi benefits from China's significant investments, aligning with the country's geopolitical positioning.

5. Ream, Cambodia:

Despite small initial investments, Ream remains a likely PLAN facility, driven by political alliances and China's Belt and Road Initiative success.

6. Luganville, Vanuatu:

Limited current investments, but historical precedence suggests strategic importance for China in the South or Central Pacific.

7. Nacala, Mozambique:

Noteworthy investments and deep-water port characteristics make Nacala a sensible choice for a potential PLAN base.

8. Nouakchott, Mauritania: 

Geographically distinct, Nouakchott's proximity to Europe and alignment with China in global forums make it a viable candidate.

Wild Card: Russia as a Strategic Partner? :

China's potential collaboration with Russia opens up possibilities for co-locating fleet units in existing Russian navy bases. 

A North Pacific Ocean base, like Vilyuchinsk on the Kamchatka Peninsula, offers security and strategic advantages, positioning the PLAN between Japan and Alaska.

Conclusion: Navigating China's Naval Expansion :

In conclusion, China's maritime ambitions extend far beyond its initial foray in Djibouti. 

The potential naval bases identified present strategic challenges to existing power dynamics, emphasizing the evolving geopolitical landscape influenced by China's assertive naval expansion.

Content Source Courtesy : 

https://foreignpolicy.com/2023/07/27/china-military-naval-bases-plan-infrastructure/